De manera inmediata y tradicional pensamos que hablar sobre política exige forzosamente ligarla a la idea de conflicto. Si bien es cierto que el carácter político marca ciertos modos de habitar el mundo, también es relevante aclarar que, a partir del concepto que tengamos de política, podremos darnos cuenta de si la idea de conflicto es inherente a esta o si la política puede ser pensada desde otro horizonte. Hans-Georg Gadamer nos ofrece una serie de reflexiones hermenéuticas en torno al (...) lenguaje y al diálogo; a partir de allí, intentamos atisbar un concepto de política no solo inherente al conflicto, sino también a su parte medular como lo es el diálogo prudente. Pensar en una política dentro del marco de un horizonte dialógico nos permite arrojar luz a problemas particulares que nos aquejan hoy, los cuales nos interpelan a pensar y repensarlos para comprender por qué hemos llegado a ser lo que somos. (shrink)

The BITrum glossary, planned as one of the first activities in the development of the BITrum project, essentially aims at serving as a tool for the clarification of concepts, theories and problems concerning information. Intending to embrace the most relevant points of view with respect to information, it is interdisciplinarily developed by a board of experts coming from a wide variety of scientific fields. The glossarium BITri kindly invites the scientific community to make contributions of any kind aimed at clarifying (...) in the field of information studies. (shrink)

Background: This research explores how public awareness and attitudes toward donation and transplantation policies may contribute to Spain's success in cadaveric organ donation. Materials and Methods: A representative sample of 813 people residing in Andalusia (Southern Spain) were surveyed by telephone or via Internet between October and December 2018. Results: Most participants trust Spain's donation and transplantation system (93%) and wish to donate their organs after death (76%). Among donors, a majority have expressed their consent (59%), and few nondonors have (...) expressed their refusal (14%). Only a minority are aware of the presumed consent system in force (28%) and feel sufficiently informed regarding the requirements needed to be an organ donor (16%). Participants mainly consider that relatives should represent the deceased's preferences and be consulted when the deceased's wishes are unknown, as is the case in Spain. Conclusion: Public trust in the transplant system may contribute to Spain's high performance in organ donation. High levels of societal support toward organ donation and transplantation do not correspond with similar levels of public awareness of donation and transplantation policies in Spain. (shrink)

This research aims to fill a major gap in the relevant literature on small businesses in developing countries, specifically concerning the development of models to better explain economic and environmental performance as a result of environmental compliance, thus moving toward an explanation of the sustainable behavior of these businesses. Data from 186 pottery craft businesses located in three Mexican states (Oaxaca, Puebla and Tlaxcala) reveal that environmental compliance significantly influences economic and environmental performance, with the mediating role of environmental innovation, (...) confirming the Porter hypothesis in the context of small businesses in an emerging economy. Environmental compliance is an important factor in improving the economic and environmental performance of small businesses in emerging economies. (shrink)

This study investigates the influences of the strategy tripod, an established concept in the international business literature, on a corporate social responsibility -based differentiation strategy for export firms. This strategy is conceived as consisting of product-level and firm-level CSR. Using a sample of 195 Brazilian export firms, the authors find that innovation capabilities, international market exposure, and institutional pressures significantly influence product-level CSR; however, the latter two factors influence firm-level CSR only through their mediating effects on product-level CSR. This study (...) contributes to the existing CSR and IB literature in three ways. First, it integrates and systematizes the factors influencing CSR-based strategies into the three categories represented by the legs of the strategy tripod to help elucidate the previous research on the factors that drive CSR. Second, it suggests that exporters’ CSR strategies can be affected by social and environmental institutions based outside their home countries. Third, this study contributes to filling an important empirical gap in the research on CSR by focusing on export ventures from emerging countries. (shrink)

The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between educational marketing and student satisfaction in Higher Education Institutions in the Tacna region, in order to analyse the characteristics that are related to the study variables. The methodology was carried out under a quantitative approach, with a correlational and transversal research design; sample was composed of 249 students. Pearson's statistical test was applied, showing that the educational marketing variable is significantly related to student satisfaction in higher education institutions. Finally, (...) it was demonstrated that the students evidenced effective characteristics of their respective institutions that differentiate them from others. (shrink)

We study the theories I∇n, L∇n and overspill principles for ∇n formulas. We show that IEn ⇒ L∇n ⇒ I∇n, but we do not know if I∇n L∇n. We introduce a new scheme, the growth scheme Crγ, and we prove that L∇n ⇒ Cr∇n⇒ I∇n. Also, we analyse the utility of bounded collection axioms for the study of the above theories.

Negar el libre albedrío implica que el ser humano no es libre por naturaleza, sino que puede llegar a serlo mediante un uso adecuado de su inteligencia; libertad que solo la consiguen los “sabios”. Por eso, cuando Spinoza entiende la democracia como la forma de gobierno que mejor defiende la libertad, esto vale para los “sabios”, pero no para el vulgo, que solo mediante el miedo y la esperanza es conducido a obrar según los dictados de la razón. ¿No será (...) esta indeseable consecuencia la que le impidió terminar su Tratado Político, precisamente cuando se aprestaba a estudiar la democracia? (shrink)

Rapid individual cognitive phenotyping holds the potential to revolutionize domains as wide‐ranging as personalized learning, employment practices, and precision psychiatry. Going beyond limitations imposed by traditional lab‐based experiments, new efforts have been underway toward greater ecological validity and participant diversity to capture the full range of individual differences in cognitive abilities and behaviors across the general population. Building on this, we developed Skill Lab, a novel game‐based tool that simultaneously assesses a broad suite of cognitive abilities while providing an engaging (...) narrative. Skill Lab consists of six mini‐games as well as 14 established cognitive ability tasks. Using a popular citizen science platform (N = 10,725), we conducted a comprehensive validation in the wild of a game‐based cognitive assessment suite. Based on the game and validation task data, we constructed reliable models to simultaneously predict eight cognitive abilities based on the users’ in‐game behavior. Follow‐up validation tests revealed that the models can discriminate nuances contained within each separate cognitive ability as well as capture a shared main factor of generalized cognitive ability. Our game‐based measures are five times faster to complete than the equivalent task‐based measures and replicate previous findings on the decline of certain cognitive abilities with age in our large cross‐sectional population sample (N = 6369). Taken together, our results demonstrate the feasibility of rapid in‐the‐wild systematic assessment of cognitive abilities as a promising first step toward population‐scale benchmarking and individualized mental health diagnostics. (shrink)

This study offers a proposal about which competencies should be fostered in organizations to promote a culture in favor of sustainability in line with Pope Francis' encyclical letter Laudato Si. As a result, seven main competencies are proposed, with their interpretation in the light of the encyclical letter, and some suggestions on how to implement them in organizations are presented. The competencies are systemic vision, critical thinking, capacity for dialog, inclusion, proper use of goods, creativity, and spirituality. In addition, the (...) study offers a discussion of the relevance of these competencies in today's business context. This study offers a novelty with respect to other theoretical proposals on competencies for sustainability since it includes competencies that require an authentic concern for other people and for a vision of the human being open to transcendence, thus breaking with instrumentalism and technocratic paradigm that underlies other proposals. In this way, it also offers a new key to interpreting the integral ecology proposed by Pope Francis, which goes beyond other approaches to sustainability in that it includes not only the person–nature relationship but also the person–person and person–transcendence or person–God relationships. The conclusions of this theoretical research can be especially useful for those who intend to promote a culture of sustainability inspired by the Catholic Social Teaching, also making use of the knowledge and good practices of competency-based management. (shrink)

La última noche es un catálogo fotográfico lanzado en 2018 por el artista vallecaucano Juan José Horta, fruto de una edición e impresión independientes, llevadas a cabo mediante microfinanciación colectiva. El trabajo presenta de modo alternativo una de tantas instancias del proceso de paz en Colombia, culminado protocolariamente con la firma del acuerdo de septiembre de 2016: un episodio de desmovilización y entrega de armas por parte de miembros del grupo rebelde al margen de la ley Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de (...) Colombia. Por tanto, La última noche se enmarca en la temática del llamado pos-conflicto. (shrink)

El trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los resultados de la gestión de la investigación en ciencias sociales y humanísticas aplicadas en salud en el contexto de su institucionalización a través del Centro para el desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas en salud. Con el fin de alcanzar el objetivo propuesto se determinaron los siguientes momentos: primero se fundamentó el proceso de gestión de la investigación en estas áreas de conocimientos en el Cendecsa; se presentaron los resultados de la gestión (...) de la investigación de 2013-2017; y por último se realizó una valoración de sus impactos científicos y sociales de la entidad. Se utilizó el enfoque de los estudios sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología, con el enfoque metodológico cuanticualitativo: la revisión bibliográfica y de documentos elaborados como informes de Balance anual de la ciencia, de los planes de ciencia del centro y de otros procesos como los expedientes presentados en el proceso de reordenamiento de las entidades de ciencia de 2013 y 2014, documentos normativos y entrevistas a informantes clave. The aim of the paper was to characterize the results of research management in Social and Humanistic Sciences applied to Health in the context of its institutionalization through the Center for the Development of Social and Humanistic Sciences in Health. To achieve this aim, the following moments were determined: first, the research management process in these areas of knowledge in Cendecsa were underpinned from the context which knowledge production; second, Social and Humanistic Sciences applied to health research management results from 2013 to 2017 were presented; finally, its scientific and social impacts were assessed. The social studies of science and technology approach was used, with the quantitative-qualitative methodological approach: bibliographic review and documents such as annual science assessment reports, science plans in the institution and other processes like files presented in the science organizations restructuring process and other normative documents. (shrink)

El presente trabajo busca establecer una relación entre el marcado carácter masculino que durante siglos ha tenido la actividad política y el veto a la mujer en el acceso a los estudios de Derecho. Partiendo de la explicación de la regla prohibitiva y el recuerdo de las juristas parlamentarias pioneras de principios del siglo xx, el estudio se centra en las juristas parlamentarias de la Transición, en concreto, en las que formaron parte de las Cortes Constituyentes de 1977-1979. El objetivo (...) último es reconocer el valor de las aportaciones de todas aquellas mujeres que, en unos años difíciles en España, se enfrentaron no solo al reto de realizar unos estudios con limitadas salidas profesionales para ellas, sino que participaron en aquella legislatura con la esperanza de recuperar y consolidar la democracia. (shrink)

Responding to recent concerns about the reliability of the published literature in psychology and other disciplines, we formed the X-Phi Replicability Project to estimate the reproducibility of experimental philosophy. Drawing on a representative sample of 40 x-phi studies published between 2003 and 2015, we enlisted 20 research teams across 8 countries to conduct a high-quality replication of each study in order to compare the results to the original published findings. We found that x-phi studies – as represented in our sample (...) – successfully replicated about 70% of the time. We discuss possible reasons for this relatively high replication rate in the field of experimental philosophy and offer suggestions for best research practices going forward. (shrink)

The paper investigates how Catholic Social Teaching can contribute to the creation of fairer and more humane business models. It gives an outline of the main historical moments in the development of Catholic Social Teaching with regard to the economy and business management. Then it analyses the proposal of the Economy of Communion as a potential framework for companies that wish to implement Catholic Social Teaching in their activities. The EoC model suggests that company profits should be distributed in three (...) parts. The first part is dedicated to the company’s growth, development, and economic sustainability; the second toward the most needy people in the social environment of the organization; and the third part invested in education creating a new type of economic culture that is at the service of people and of the common good. The companies that belong to the EoC movement are for-profit businesses which consider reciprocity and gratuity an integral part of their businesses. Both reciprocity and gratuity are guided by the logic of the gift which is innate to human relations and should be promoted so businesses become more authentically human and favor the development of people. (shrink)

Unfounded—conspiracy and health—beliefs about COVID-19 have accompanied the pandemic worldwide. Here, we examined cross-nationally the structure and correlates of these beliefs with an 8-item scale, using a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. We obtained a two-factor model of unfounded (conspiracy and health) beliefs with good internal structure (average CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.04), but a high correlation between the two factors (average latent factor correlation = 0.57). This model was replicable across 50 countries (total N = 13,579), (...) as evidenced by metric invariance between countries (CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMS = 0.07) as well as scalar invariance across genders (CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.04, SRMS = 0.03) and educational levels (CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.04, SRMS = 0.03). Also, lower levels of education, more fear of COVID-19, and more cynicism were weakly associated with stronger conspiracy and health beliefs. The study contributes to knowledge about the structure of unfounded beliefs, and reveals the potential relevance of affective (i.e., fear of COVID-19) and cognitive (i.e., cynicism) factors along with demographics, in endorsing such beliefs. In summary, we obtained cross-cultural evidence for the distinctiveness of unfounded conspiracy and health beliefs about COVID-19 in terms of their structure and correlates. (shrink)

Reseña del libro de Mario Vegetti "Quince lecciones sobre Platón", publicado en Gredos en 2012.

Appendix 1 was incomplete in the initial online publication. The original article has been corrected.

El tema de la hospitalidad fue suficientemente analizado por Jacques Derrida, el pensador francés de la deconstrucción. Este artículo busca investigar la cuestión de la hospitalidad considerando la oposición radical, la aporía, entre la ley de la hospitalidad incondicional, en su singularidad universal, y las leyes de la hospitalidad condicional. ¿Quién se encuentra apto para la hospitalidad? ¿Alguien que dice su nombre? ¿Una sujeto de derecho? ¿Un extranjero? Exploraremos algunas de las condiciones para responder a esta pregunta: la hospitalidad como (...) un asunto del lugar, como un asunto del lenguaje y como un asunto del nombre. (shrink)

El estudio examina mediante una revisión sistemática la literatura científica. La metodología se basó en la aplicación de los principios de la declaración PRISMA. Los resultados indicaron que la mayor producción de estudios fue en 2021, con predominancia de idioma inglés, España como el mayor productor, Reino Unido con el mayor número de revistas y el uso de realidad aumentada como la estrategia más estudiada. La producción científica en educación, y más particularmente en metodologías aplicada a la educación, ha generado (...) una serie de estudios bibliométricos, los cuales han demostrado la evolución de las mismas en lapsos de tiempo diversos. (shrink)

Resumen En este estudio se pretende hacer una lectura contemporánea de tres categorías centrales en el pensamiento del teólogo alemán Jürgen Moltmann, a saber: la teodicea, el pathos de Dios y el Crucificado. Inicialmente, se presentan los principales autores relacionados con la teología de la cruz para así enmarcar históricamente la pregunta por Dios ante el sufrimiento humano y la consecuente interpretación de la cruz de Cristo como escenario trinitario en el que se manifiesta la pasión de Dios, (...) ambos, pregunta e interpretación, cardinales para cuestionar la teología con bases idealistas o metafísicas. Finalmente, se hace énfasis en la vigencia de estos aportes por su criticidad y pertinencia para el quehacer teológico en general.The present study aims to make a contemporary reading of three central categories in the thought of the German theologian Jürgen Moltmann, namely: The Theodicy, God´s pathos and the crucified. The article initially presents a tour of the main characters and postures of the theology of the Cross to frame historicallly question toward God in front of suffering as a starting point for theological work; The Cross of Christ as a stage in which the God´s Passion is manifested and theology is questioned with idealistic or metaphysical bases and the cross as a trinitarian scenario. This article, finally, involves a contemporary theological reading of these contributions evidencing its criticality and relevance for general theological work. (shrink)

La memética es una disciplina joven que se inscribe en el campo de las teorías de la evolución cultural y que busca extrapolar hipótesis darwinianas de selección natural al campo de las ideas, proponiendo la existencia de replicadores culturales llamados memes. En el presente artículo se hace una revisión histórica de dicha disciplina, se examina la contribución que puede ofrecer a las teorías del cambio científico de Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos y Edgar Morin y se hace una evaluación de la (...) memética desde una perspectiva epistemológica basada en categorías ofrecidas por Karl Popper, Mario Bunge e Imre Lakatos, presentándola de esta manera, en un proceso recursivo, como elemento explicativo e interpretativo a la vez que como objeto de estudio y análisis. -/- 'Science in light of memes. Memes in light of science.' -/- Memetics is a young discipline that is inserted in the field of theories of cultural evolution and seeks to extrapolate Darwinian hypotheses of natural selection to the field of ideas by proposing the existence of cultural replicators called memes. In this article, we present a historical overview of the discipline, examining the contribution it can offer to theories of scientific change by Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos, and Edgar Morin. Lastly, we provide an assessment of memetics from an epistemological perspective based on categories suggested by Karl Popper, Mario Bunge and Imre Lakatos, thereby presenting that discipline in a recursive process as an explanatory and interpretative element, while at the same time as an object of study and analysis. (shrink)

El autor revisa el proceso de la globalización para concluir que se trata de la culminación de la europeización del mundo. Desde esta perspectiva analiza los aspectos positivos y negativos del proceso – en sus aspectos económico, social y cultural- para pasar a formular algunas propuestas, tras advertir que estamos en la disyuntiva de elegir el buen o mal camino y que debemos hacerlo con responsabilidad, resaltando el rol que debe cumplir la educación.

As descrições da flora brasílica efectuadas desde a chegada de Pedro Álvares Cabral traduzem não só as perplexidades do passado no reconhecimento de exemplares botânicos desconhecidos na Europa, mas essencialmente formas de intelegibilidade distintas sobre um mesmo objecto, cuja exploração ao longo dos últimos quatro séculos tem vindo a acompanhar o desenvolvimento da ciência.Os primeiros registos de plantas de Terras de Vera Cruz, efectuados no século XVI, apresentam-se como limitados tanto pela forma narrativa e descritiva então corrente como pela (...) subjectividade do seu redactor. Algumas das lacunas destas formas descritivas foram preenchidas pelo recurso a elementos gráficos que procuravam veicular informação mais precisa quantoàs espécies botânicas identificadas.No século XVIII a Botânica assumiu-se como disciplina autónoma, adoptando-se desde então uma nomenclatura que se viria a considerar como internacional e um sistema de “catalogação” dos mais diversos tipos botânicos conhecidos, ainda extensível a outros por descobrir nomeadamente em terras do Brasil. Este processo objectivo não se sobrepôs às restantes abordagens subjectivas, coexistindo na actualidade. The descriptions of Brazilian flora made since the arrival of Pedro Álvares Cabral express not only the perplexities of those times in recognising botanical species unknown in Europe, but manly distinct forms of intelligibility concerning a same object, whose exploration all long last four centuries follow closely the science rise.The first registers of the plants of Vera Cruz, dated from sixteen century, they were limited as much for the narrative and descriptive form current in those times, as for the subjectivity of its redactor. Some of the gaps of these descriptive forms had been filled by the resource of graphical elements, which tried to propagate precise information of the botanical species identified. In century XVIII Botanic assumed it self as a autonomous subject, adapting since then a terminology that it would come to consider as international and a system of cataloguing of the different botanical types, still extensible to others for discovering, namely in lands of Brazil. This objective process was not overlapped to the remaining subjective approaches, coexisting in the present time. (shrink)

El libro "Las claves de la investigación científica" (2023) de los profesores Julio Mario Hoyos y Juan Carlos Moreno, es un texto básico para la formación científica, que explica de manera clara, en un lenguaje no especializado, y desde un punto de vista plural e interdisciplinar, aspectos básicos del funcionamiento de la ciencia, como las distintas lógicas, los métodos, los modelos de cambio científico, y el funcionamiento social, institucional y organizacional de la investigación científica. Representa un aporte fundamental para (...) responder a algunas preguntas básicas, como las siguientes: ¿cómo funciona la ciencia?, ¿existe un único método científico o varios?, ¿cuáles son las principales condiciones sociales de la investigación?, entre otras cuestiones. (shrink)

Este número de la revista Disertaciones se presenta como un homenaje en memoria del profesor Jairo Urrea Henao. Nuestra portada lo presenta sentado en las inmediaciones del espacio de arte y memoria “Fragmentos” del Museo Nacional en Bogotá, un contra-monumento a la memoria de las victimas del conflicto en Colombia. Agradecemos a María Teresa Cruz Restrepo por su gentileza al aportarnos la fotografía que ella misma tomara de su compañero de vida. Incluso en diciembre del año 2020 contamos con (...) la compañía de Jairo. Gracias a las mediaciones tecnológicas que el contexto de pandemia había impuesto, su voz circulaba entre estudiantes y docentes del Programa de filosofía y de la Universidad del Quindío. A los cuales dedicó comprometida y tenazmente largos años de su enseñanza y de su comprensión del quehacer filosófico. (shrink)